Metodología multiobjetivo basada en un comportamiento evolutivo para programar sistemas de producción flexible job shop. Aplicaciones en la industria metalmecánica

El objeto de estudio de la presente tesis es el taller de trabajo flexible en el sector metalmecánico. El problema de investigación se derivó a partir de la búsqueda sistemática de metodologías y algoritmos para programar sistemas productivos; se identificaron configuraciones de variables de proceso no abordadas en la literatura, lo que se considera un vacío en el conocimiento. Consecuente con lo anterior, se diseñó una metodología basada en un algoritmo evolutivo para programar los pedidos en un taller de trabajo flexible, con restricciones de tiempo, secuencia, mantenimiento, liberación de pedidos, disponibilidad, consumo y costo de recurso que varía en el tiempo, con el fin de minimizar tiempo de proceso y costo de producción; incluyó un proceso de ponderación para escoger la mejor secuencia de programación. Como aporte principal se propone una metodología novedosa que al compararla con otras metodologías encontradas en la bibliografía, demostró mejoras mayores al 10% en makespan y costo total del recurso consumidoAbstract: The study object of the present thesis is the flexible job shop in the metal mechanic sector. The research problem was derived from the systematic search of methodologies and algorithms to schedule production systems; configurations of process variables not addressed in the literature were identified, which is considered an empty in knowledge. Consequent with previous, a methodology was designed based on an evolutionary algorithm to schedule orders in a flexible job shop, with time restrictions, sequence, maintenance, liberation of orders, availability, consumption and cost of resource that varies in time, in order to minimize processing time and cost of production; it includes a weighting process to choose the best programming sequence. As main contribution a novel methodology was proposed which, compared with other methodologies found in the literature, it demonstrated greater improvements to 10% in Makespan and total cost of consumed resourceDoctorad

Evaluación de la vulnerabilidad estructural de las edificaciones indispensables del sector tres sector educación ubicados en el municipio de Dosquebradas, Risaralda

El respectivo estudio y evaluación de la vulnerabilidad estructural de edificaciones indispensables del grupo III sector educación realizado en el municipio de Dosquebradas, Risaralda, propone, a partir de la aplicación de conocimientos metodológicos, procedimentales y modelaciones en software pertinentes, evaluar y diagnosticar el estado actual estructural de las siguientes instituciones educativas sedes principales, Juan Manuel González – Juan Pablo Sexto – Empresarial; mediante la identificación de aspectos técnicos como la observación visual del estado de la edificación tanto estructura y cubierta, la tipología o sistema estructural empleado, la irregularidad en planta y altura de la construcción, el cálculo de derivas con el fin de poder diagnosticar que estas edificaciones son cumplidoras de los requerimientos establecidos por la (NSR-10) Norma de Sismo Resistencia Colombiana. Se inicia con la recolección previa de información secundaria existente tales como planos arquitectónicos, estructurales, estudios y cálculos (si los hay), luego se emplea y se recolecta a través de una ficha técnica la mayor información de las condiciones constructivas de la edificación, toma de medidas de en campo de los elementos estructurales, levantamiento de planos, modelación de las edificaciones verificando el cumplimiento de la (NSR-10).The respective study and evaluation of the structural vulnerability of indispensable buildings of group III education sector carried out in the municipality of Dosquebradas, Risaralda, proposes, based on the application of methodological, procedural and relevant software modeling knowledge, evaluate and diagnose the current state structural of the following educational institutions headquarters, Juan Manuel González - Juan Pablo Sexto - Empresarial; by identifying technical aspects such as visual observation of the state of the building, both structure and roof, the typology or structural system used, the irregularity of the plan and the height of the construction, the calculation of drifts in order to diagnose that these buildings are compliant with the requirements established by the (NSR-10) Colombian Resistance Earthquake Standard. It begins with the previous collection of existing secondary information such as architectural, structural plans, studies and calculations (if any), then more information on the construction conditions of the building is used and collected through a technical sheet, take of measures in the field of structural elements, drawing up plans, building modeling verifying compliance with (NSR-10).Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira - Facultad de Ingenierias - Ingeniería Civi

Phenotypic comparison of samdc and spe mutants reveals complex relationships of polyamine metabolism in Ustilago maydis

Synthesis of spermidine involves the action of two enzymes, spermidine synthase (Spe) and Sadenosylmethionine decarboxylase (Samdc). Previously we cloned and disrupted the gene encoding Spe as a first approach to unravel the biological function of spermidine in Ustilago maydis. With this background, the present study was designed to provide a better understanding of the role played by Samdc in the regulation of the synthesis of this polyamine. With this aim we proceeded to isolate and delete the gene encoding Samdc from U. maydis, and made a comparative analysis of the phenotypes of samdc and spe mutants. Both spe and samdc mutants behaved as spermidine auxotrophs, and were more sensitive than the wild-type strain to different stress conditions. However, the two mutants displayed significant differences: in contrast to spe mutants, samdc mutants were more sensitive to LiCl stress, high spermidine concentrations counteracted their dimorphic deficiency, and they were completely avirulent. It is suggested that these differences are possibly related to differences in exogenous spermidine uptake or the differential location of the respective enzymes in the cell. Alternatively, since samdc mutants accumulate higher levels of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), whereas spe mutants accumulate decarboxylated SAM, the known opposite roles of these metabolites in the processes of methylation and differentiation offer an additional attractive hypothesis to explain the phenotypic differences of the two mutants, and provide insights into the additional roles of polyamine metabolism in the physiology of the cell. INTRODUCTION Polyamines are organic polycations required by all living organisms Cell and Molecular Biology of Microbes Abbreviations: dcSAM, decarboxylated S-adenosylmethionine; ODC, ornithine decarboxylase; SAM, S-adenosylmethionine. The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the SAMDC gene sequence of U. maydis is HE582743. Microbiology (2012), 158, 000-000 DOI 10.1099/mic.0.055954-0 055954 G 2012 SGM Printed in Great Britain 1 polyamine required for U. maydis dimorphism. Synthesis of this polyamine requires the action of two enzymes, spermidine synthase (Spe) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (Samdc). The latter enzyme is responsible for the decarboxylation of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) with formation of decarboxylated SAM (dcSAM), which serves as donor of a propylamine group to putrescine in a reaction catalysed by Spe It is known that Samdc is synthesized as a proenzyme that subsequently undergoes an intramolecular cleavage at a serine residue to generate two non-identical subunits termed a and b, both of which are indispensable components of the mature enzyme Besides this multiplicity, gene disruption studies have demonstrated that spermidine is essential for vegetative growth and differentiation, while putrescine is only the precursor of higher polyamines and appears to have a minor role in the stress response and/or virulence U. maydis, a plant-pathogenic Basidiomycota fungus, is an excellent model for the study of different biological phenomena, such as fungal phytopathogenicity, DNA recombination and repair, long-distance transport in hyphal growth, mitosis, and dimorphism Previously we reported the isolation and phenotype of U. maydis spe mutants (Valdés-Santiago et al., 2009), and in this communication we describe the isolation and mutation of the SAMDC gene, which permitted the determination of the similarities and differences that exist between the phenotypic behaviour of samdc and that of the previously obtained spe mutants. METHODS Strains and growth conditions. U. maydis haploid strains Nucleic acid manipulation. Isolation of genomic DNA was conducted as reported by Plasmid constructs. To delete the gene encoding U. maydis Samdc (SAMDC), plasmid pDsamdc was constructed. Briefly, the full gene including its 59 and 39 flanking sequences was amplified by PCR with primers Samdc5 and Samdc3 (Table 2) using genomic DNA from U. maydis strain FB2 To complement U. maydis samdc mutants, a plasmid was constructed as follows. The full SAMDC gene including its promoter and terminator was PCR-amplified using primers Samdc5 and Samdc3. The PCR product (3.1 kb) was cloned into plasmid pCR2.1 (Invitrogen), generating plasmid pSAMDC. Next, the SAMDC gene was recovered as a BamHI-NotI fragment and cloned into the same sites of the episomal plasmid pHyg101 Mating analysis. Mating was analysed by the 'fuz' reaction Stress assays. To determine the sensitivity of U. maydis to different compounds, decimal dilutions of cell suspensions were inoculated on plates of solid media amended with the compound to be tested, and growth was assessed as described previously (Valdés-Santiago et al., 2009). Virulence assays. These were performed as previously described (Martínez-Espinoza et al., 1997). Briefly, 10 day-old seedlings of maize cv cacahuazintle were inoculated using a syringe and needle with a mixture of sexually compatible strains. The plants were kept in a greenhouse, and symptoms were recorded for 15 days after inoculation. Isolation of segregants from inoculated plants. Teliospores produced in the tumours induced in maize plants inoculated with sexually compatible U. maydis strains were suspended in 1.5 % CuSO 4 for 2 h to kill vegetative cells, filtered through cheesecloth, washed twice with sterile distilled water, recovered by centrifugation and plated on solid CM. After 12-18 h, the sporidia formed by germination of teliospores were recovered by washing the plates with sterile distilled water, and inoculated on plates containing hygromycin B and/or carboxin to determine their phenotype (ChavezOntiveros et al., 2000). Mating type (fuz reaction, see above) and auxotrophy to spermidine were tested in segregants thus obtained. Determination of SAM and dcSAM levels. U. maydis cells were grown in liquid MM with addition of 0.1 mM spermidine or other requirements (see Methods and the legend to Disruption of the SAMDC gene using an odc mutant as a recipient strain Essentially we followed the method of Auxotrophic requirements of the odc/samdc double mutants Taking into consideration that the SAMDC gene encodes an enzyme essential for spermidine synthesis, we expected that odc/samdc double mutants would require the enzyme to grow. Mutants were able to grow on two subcultures without polyamines, after which their polyamine pools were exhausted and they failed to grow in media without polyamines, although they grew in the presence of 0.1 or 0.5 mM spermidine at a rate comparable with that of the wild-type (results not shown). Although odc/samdc mutants were unable to produce putrescine through the ODC pathway, the spermidine acetylase-oxidase route (Valdés-Santiago et al., 2009 provided enough of this polyamine to cover their requirements Isolation of samdc single mutants by sexual recombination in planta Using sexual recombination in planta between an a2b2 odc/ samdc double mutant and the FB1 wild-type strain (a1b1), it was possible to isolate a set of single samdc mutants, selecting strains 5-11 (samdc : : Cbx R a1b1) and LV71 (samdc : : Cbx R a2b2) to conduct further studies. Mutants were confirmed by Northern analysis (results not shown). Complementation of samdc mutants Through transformation of a samdc mutant with a plasmid containing a functional copy of the SAMDC gene, it was possible to obtain SAMDC revertant strains (4samdcR, 11samdcR, 7samdcR) resistant to carboxin and hygromicin. The presence of the SAMDC gene in these strains restored the capacity to grow in the absence of spermidine. Effect of different stress conditions on samdc mutants The effect of 10 mM LiCl, 3 mM H 2 O 2 , different concentrations of menadione, 0.005 or 0.05 mM Rose Bengal (RB), 0.2 or 0.7 mM ascorbic acid, 1 M sorbitol, 0.5 M CaCl 2 or 1 M NaCl on cell growth was assayed as described in Methods. Polyamine pools of the U. maydis mutants were depleted by subculturing twice in polyaminefree medium, followed by inoculation on plates supplemented with 0.1 mM spermidine. In the absence of inhibitors only slightly reduced growth rates were observed for 5-11 (samdc) and LV54 (spe) mutants as compared with the FB2 wild-type (control) and 4samdcR (revertant) strains %paper no. mic055954 charlesworth ref: mic055954& L. Valdé s-Santiago and others 4 Microbiology Dimorphic transition induced by acid pH U. maydis grows in the yeast form at neutral pH, and in the hyphal form at acid pH Mating analysis We observed a concentration-dependent effect of spermidine on mating of homologous strains of both types of mutants: 5-11 (a1b1 Dsamdc : : Cbx . In both cases, the intensity of dikaryon formation increased, as revealed by the appearance of white fuzzy filamentous colonies as we raised the concentration of spermidine (see Virulence studies In contrast to spe mutants, which generate tumours in about 20 % of infected maize plants (Valdés-Santiago et al., 2009), samdc mutants proved to be completely avirulent to maize plants: out of a total of 128 plants inoculated with a mixture of 5-11 and LV71 samdc sexually compatible mutants, not a single one developed tumours, whereas 76.9 % of maize plants (out of a total of 79 plants) inoculated with a mixture of FB1and FB2 strains formed tumours. This avirulent phenotype agrees with the behaviour of odc mutants, which are also unable to induce tumours in maize plant

Primeros resultados de los trabajos arqueológicos en el lago Colhué Huapi (Chubut)

El objetivo general del proyecto de investigación, iniciado en 2005, es el estudio de los procesos de diversificación económica en poblaciones cazadoras recolectoras de Patagonia Central. Generalmente se considera que estos grupos basaron su economía casi exclusivamente en la caza del guanaco (Lama guanicoe); sin embargo, creemos que la economía de estos grupos pudo haber sido más diversificada en momentos y ambientes (o microambientes) particulares, como es el caso de los sistemas lacustres. (...)Fil: Moreno, Julian Eduardo. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Perez Ruiz, Hugo Gabriel. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez Rozzi, Fernando. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; FranciaFil: Reyes, Mariano Rodolfo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Svoboda, Ariadna. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Centro Nacional Patagónico. Instituto de Diversidad y Evolución Austral; ArgentinaFil: Peralta Gonzalez, Santiago. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Nacional Patagónico; ArgentinaFil: Herrera Santana, Misael. Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia ; Argentin

Reformulating Pro-Oxidant Microglia in Neurodegeneration

In neurodegenerative diseases, microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are central events. Recent genome-wide transcriptomic analyses of microglial cells under different disease conditions have uncovered a new subpopulation named disease-associated microglia (DAM). These studies have challenged the classical view of the microglia polarization state's proinflammatory M1 (classical activation) and immunosuppressive M2 (alternative activation). Molecular signatures of DAM and proinflammatory microglia (highly pro-oxidant) have shown clear differences, yet a partial overlapping gene profile is evident between both phenotypes. The switch activation of homeostatic microglia into reactive microglia relies on the selective activation of key surface receptors involved in the maintenance of brain homeostasis (a.k.a. pattern recognition receptors, PRRs). Two relevant PRRs are toll-like receptors (TLRs) and triggering receptors expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2), whose selective activation is believed to generate either a proinflammatory or a DAM phenotype, respectively. However, the recent identification of endogenous disease-related ligands, which bind to and activate both TLRs and TREM2, anticipates the existence of rather complex microglia responses. Examples of potential endogenous dual ligands include amyloid β, galectin-3, and apolipoprotein E. These pleiotropic ligands induce a microglia polarization that is more complicated than initially expected, suggesting the possibility that different microglia subtypes may coexist. This review highlights the main microglia polarization states under disease conditions and their leading role orchestrating oxidative stress

Modelos de simulación para prácticas en otorrinolaringología

Memoria ID-0038. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2014-2015

A novel gene cluster allows preferential utilization of fucosylated milk oligosaccharides in Bifidobacterium longum subsp. longum SC596

La microbiota intestinal infantil es a menudo colonizada por dos subespecies de Bifidobacterium longum: subsp. infantis (B. infantis) y subsp. longum (B. longum). El crecimiento competitivo de B. infantis en el intestino del neonato ha sido vinculado a la utilización de oligosacáridos (HMO) en la leche humana. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre cómo B. longum en el consumo de HMO. En este estudio, las cepas B. longum transmitidas mostraron diferentes fenotipos de crecimiento de HMO. Mientras que todas las cepas utilizadas eficientemente con lacto-N-tetraosa, focalizaron ciertas cepas, que, además, metabolizaron el HMO. El B. longum SC596 creció vigorosamente en el HMO, y la glycocaracterización reveló una preferencia por el consumo de HMO fucosilados. El transcriptomes SC596 durante la etapa temprana de crecimiento sobre HMO se asemeja más al crecimiento de la fucosilactosa, pasando más tarde a un patrón similar al crecimiento en el HMO neutro. El B. longum SC596 contiene un gen novedoso cerrado dedicado a la utilización de HMO fucosilado, incluyendo los genes para la importación de moléculas fucosiladas, metabolismo fucoso y dos α-fucosidasas. Este grupo mostró una inducción modular durante el crecimiento temprano de HMO y fucosilactosa. Este trabajo aclara el genoma y la variabilidad fisiológica del bebé portador de B. longum en el consumo de HMO, que se asemeja a B. infantis. La capacidad de consumir preferentemente HMO fucosilado sugiere una ventaja competitiva para estas singulares de las cepas de B. longum en el lactante alimentado con tripa.The infant intestinal microbiota is often colonized by two subspecies of Bifidobacterium longum: subsp. infantis (B. infantis) and subsp. longum (B. longum). Competitive growth of B. infantis in the neonate intestine has been linked to the utilization of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO). However, little is known how B. longum consumes HMO. In this study, infant-borne B. longum strains exhibited varying HMO growth phenotypes. While all strains efficiently utilized lacto-N-tetraose, certain strains additionally metabolized fucosylated HMO. B. longum SC596 grew vigorously on HMO, and glycoprofiling revealed a preference for consumption of fucosylated HMO. Transcriptomes of SC596 during early-stage growth on HMO were more similar to growth on fucosyllactose, transiting later to a pattern similar to growth on neutral HMO. B. longum SC596 contains a novel gene cluster devoted to the utilization of fucosylated HMO, including genes for import of fucosylated molecules, fucose metabolism and two α-fucosidases. This cluster showed a modular induction during early growth on HMO and fucosyllactose. This work clarifies the genomic and physiological variation of infant-borne B. longum to HMO consumption, which resembles B. infantis. The capability to preferentially consume fucosylated HMO suggests a competitive advantage for these unique B. longum strains in the breast-fed infant gut.• National Institutes of Health Awards AT007079, HD065122 y AT008759 • Peter J. Shields Endowed Chair in Dairy Food Science • Conicyt Fondecyt: Beca de iniciación 11130518 • Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia y Universidad de Extremadura.peerReviewe

Best standards for data collection and reporting requirements on FOBs: towards a science-based FOB fishery management.

A major concern for tropical tunas, on these last years, has been the worldwide increasing use of drifting FOBs by purse seiners, which are equipped with satellite buoys and echo-sounders. The use of these floating objects has contributed to increase the catch of skipjack tuna, but also of juveniles of yellowfin and bigeye tunas. Moreover, it has increased the amount of by-catch (including some species classified as vulnerable or endangered) and has likely resulted in adverse effects on the ecology of fish and on vulnerable areas (e.g. beaching events on coral reef areas). Despite the increasing FOB use and concerns, little information is available on FOB use worldwide for an appropriate monitoring and management. Thus, FOB monitoring has become a priority in all tuna t-RFMOs. However, the data collection and reporting requirements around FOBs are not standardized and there are significant data gaps. The aim of this document is to review current requirements and procedures in place and propose standards for data collection and submission on FOBs to tRFMOs. The proposals included in this document are the result of a collaborative work between scientists and the fishing industry

Gestión de la producción: una aproximación conceptual

Es bien conocida la problemática que oscila alrededor de la competitividad en las empresas, como vía no solo para crecer y desarrollarse en el marco económico, sino también para poder sobrevivir en su sector de actividad. De hecho, hace ya algún tiempo, desde la Escuela de Negocios de Harvard se advertía a los directores de fábricas norteamericanas que para ser más competitivas y crear ciertas ventajas duraderas debían enfatizar en tres aspectos esenciales: 1. concederle una orientación al sistema y al proceso productivo; 2. reorganizar el sistema de producción en función de unas tareas o misiones estratégicas; y 3. reflejar tales misiones en la orientación competitiva de la empresa, y no solo derivarse de ella, sino también contribuir a su formulación e implementación. Contenido: 1. Dirección de la producción: Su papel estratégico en la competitividad empresarial. 2. Planeación agregada y programación maestra. 3. Programación y control de la producción. 4. Estudio del trabajo: Herramientas para la mejora de la productividad empresarial. 5. Logística y gestión de la cadena de abastecimiento. 6. Algunos enfoques en el mejoramiento de sistemas de producción/Operaciones. 7. Gestión en prevención y control de pérdidas en producción/Operaciones. 8. Nuevas Tecnologías de la fabricación y la información

Revista de Vertebrados de la Estación Biológica de Doñana

Materiales para una «Herpetofauna Balearica 5. Las salamanquesas y tortugas del archipiélago de CabreraEcología de una población insular mediterránea del Eslizón ibérico, Chalcides bedriagai (Sauria Scincidae).Ecología alimenticia del águila imperial ibérica (Aquila adalberti) en el Coto Doñana durante la crianza de los pollosDatos sobre la dieta invernal del colirrojo tizón (Phoenicurus ochruros) en encinares de Andalucía occidentalSobre infecciones estafilocócicas en el Aguila imperial ibérica (Aquila adalberti Brehm)Breves notas sobre el Sapo partero ibérico (Alytes cisternasii Boscá)Sobre la presencia de Hyla arborea en la provincia de BadajozAlgunas presas de Elaphe scalaris.Observaciones de Tarentola maurítanica en nido de Hirundo dauricaObservación de una culebra viperina Natrix maura en agua marinaPrimera cita de la CollaIba yebélica (Oenanthe leucopyga) en la Península ibéricaObservaciones de Phoenicopterus ruber en la Ría de Vigo (PontevedraDatos sobre el Myotis emarginatus en la Península ibérica.Peer reviewe